之前一直在用SpringBoot框架，一直感觉SpringBoot框架自动配置的功能很强大，但是并没有明白它是怎么实现自动配置的，现在有空研究了一下，大概明白了SpringBoot框架是怎么实现自动配置的功能，我们编写一个最简单的自动配置功能，大概的总结一下.
一,配置属性类
其实就是值对象注入的方式去配置一些Spring常用的配置，我们编写一个最简单的配置对象。
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "hello") //@Component //如果这里添加了注解那么在自动配置类的时候就不用添加@enableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class)注解. public class HelloProperties { private String msg="default";//现在我们在配置文件写hello.msg=world,因为简单就不再展示;如果那么默认为default. public String getMsg() { return msg; } public void setMsg(String msg) { this.msg = msg; } }
这是一个简单的属性值对象，那么相当于写死的字段就是SpringBoot为我们自动配置的配置，那么我们很多时候可以自己在application.properties中修改某些配置就是这样的道理，我们不设置就是默认的，设置了就是我们设置的属性。
二,自动配置类
上面已经构建了我们简单的属性对象，那么现在我们要通过属性对象得到相应的属性值将其注入到我们的Bean中，这些Bean也就是一些SpringBoot启动后为我们自动配置生成的Bean，当然SpringBoot优先使用我们配置的Bean这个功能是如何实现的,我们往下看一下就明白了。
首先我们需要一个功能Bean，可以把这个Bean看做是SpringBoot框架启动后在容器里面生成的为我们服务的内置Bean,简单的写一个。
//@Component 这里很重要，如果我们添加了这个注解那么，按照我们下面的设置SpringBoot会优先使用我们配置的这个Bean，这是符合SpringBoot框架优先使用自定义Bean的原则的。 public class HelloService { private String msg = "service";//如果自动配置没有读入成功，那么为默认值 public String say() { return "hello " + msg; }//为我们服务的方法 public String getMsg() { return msg; } public void setMsg(String msg) { this.msg = msg; } }
现在编写我们的自动配置类。
@Configuration //配置类 @EnableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class)//这里就是前面说的，这个注解读入我们的配置对象类 @ConditionalOnClass(HelloService.class)//当类路径存在这个类时才会加载这个配置类，否则跳过,这个很有用比如不同jar包间类依赖，依赖的类不存在直接跳过，不会报错 public class HelloAutoConfiguration { @Autowired private HelloProperties helloProperties; @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean(HelloService.class)//这个配置就是SpringBoot可以优先使用自定义Bean的核心所在，如果没有我们的自定义Bean那么才会自动配置一个新的Bean public HelloService auto(){ HelloService helloService =new HelloService(); helloService.setMsg(helloProperties.getMsg()); return helloService; } }
好了现在自动配置的类也写好了，我们可以启动一下SpringBoot应用，测试一下。
三,测试自动配置
@SpringBootApplication @RestController public class MyRun { @Autowired private HelloService helloService; @RequestMapping("/auto/home") public String home(){ return helloService.say(); } public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MyRun.class,args); } }
ok ,运行后访问你会看到：
hello world
代表我们的自动配置功能成功。
四,SpringBoot管理自动配置
其实在很多时候我们的配置是在很多jar包里的，那么我们新的应用该怎么读入这些jar包里的配置文件呢，SpringBoot是这样管理的。
最主要的注解就是@enableAutoConfiguration,而这个注解会导入一个EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector的类,而这个类会去读取一个spring.factories下key为EnableAutoConfiguration全限定名对应值.
# Auto Configure org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.hornetq.HornetQAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceResolverAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceDelegatingViewResolverAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.SitePreferenceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.reactor.ReactorAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.FallbackWebSecurityAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.OAuth2AutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.SocialWebAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.FacebookAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.LinkedInAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.TwitterAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.velocity.VelocityAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration
所以如果需要我们可以在我们的resources目录下创建spring.factories下添加类似的配置即可。。